Dementia information
Understanding Dementia and Alzheimer’s
A guide for families and carers — because knowledge, patience and kindness make all the difference.
dementia & Alzheimer’s?
What Is Dementia?
Dementia describes a group of symptoms that affect memory, thinking and behaviour.
It isn’t one single illness but a collection of conditions caused by damage to brain cells.
The most common type is Alzheimer’s disease, which accounts for around 60–70% of dementia cases.
Key facts:
Dementia affects around 900,000 people in the UK (2024 estimate).
It’s not a normal part of ageing.
Early diagnosis and support can significantly improve quality of life.
What Is Alzheimer’s?
Alzheimer’s is a progressive brain disorder that gradually damages memory and reasoning.
It develops when proteins (amyloid and tau) build up around brain cells, disrupting communication.
While there’s currently no cure, early intervention, lifestyle adjustments, and supportive care can slow progression and help maintain independence.
Recognising the Signs:
Early symptoms can vary, but may include:
Memory loss or repeating questions
Difficulty finding words or following conversations
Getting lost in familiar places
Struggling with planning, money or routine tasks
Changes in mood, behaviour or personality
If you notice these signs, contact a GP or memory clinic for assessment and support.
Communication Tips
Tips for communicating for individuals with advanced Dementia and Alzheimer’s
Supporting someone with dementia begins with understanding how to communicate effectively.
Do:
✅ Speak slowly, clearly, and calmly.
✅ Use short sentences and simple words.
✅ Maintain eye contact and offer gentle reassurance.
✅ Use touch (if appropriate) to comfort.
Avoid:
❌ Arguing or correcting harshly.
❌ Asking “Do you remember…?”
❌ Speaking as if the person isn’t there.
Kindness and patience speak louder than words.
Daily Living & Environment
Small changes at home can make daily life easier and safer:
Keep routines consistent.
Label drawers and cupboards with words or pictures.
Ensure rooms are well-lit and free from clutter.
Use contrasting colours (e.g. light switches against darker walls).
Encourage participation in simple daily activities.
Emotional Wellbeing
Tips for family members:
Focus on abilities, not limitations.
Offer reassurance and validation.
Include your loved one in conversations and decisions.
Celebrate small victories and moments of joy.
Make time for yourself — caring is demanding work.
Looking After Yourself as a Carer
It’s easy to forget your own needs when you’re focused on someone else’s care.
Stay connected to friends and family.
Take breaks and ask for help.
Join local or online carer support groups.
Eat well, rest, and exercise when possible.
Remember — you can’t pour from an empty cup.
Helpful Resources
Explore these trusted sources for further guidance and local support:
Alzheimer’s Society UK
Information, advice, and helpline support.
Dementia UK
Specialist Admiral Nurse support for families.
NHS Dementia Guide
Medical guidance, care options, and living well tips.
Carers UK
Advice and resources for unpaid carers.
Age UK
Practical help and community programmes.
